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HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES
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What are Haloalkanes and Haloarenes?
Haloalkanes and haloarenes are the hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen atoms. The primary difference between haloalkanes and haloarenes is that haloalkanes are derived from open-chain hydrocarbons (alkanes) whereas haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons.
Related Topics
- Nomenclature Of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Nature of C-X bond
- Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond
- Physical and Chemical properties of Haloalkanes
- SN1 and SN2 Substitution Reactions of Haloalkanes
- Optical Rotation
- Polyhalogen Compounds
Overview of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes are commonly referred to as alkyl halides whereas haloarenes are commonly referred to as aryl halides. These compounds can contain multiple halogen atoms, as illustrated below.
Generally, the halogens are attached to sp3 hybridized carbon atoms in these compounds. The presence of halogens makes haloalkanes and haloarenes more chemically reactive than the parent alkanes and aromatic compounds. These compounds have many medicinal uses as well.
Classification of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alkyl halides and aryl halides can be classified based on the following parameters:
- Number of halogen atoms in the molecule
- sp3 hybridized carbon-halogen bond.
- sp2 hybridized carbon-halogen bond.
The classification of haloalkanes and haloarenes is described in the tabular column provided below. Some important applications of these compounds are listed below. Some haloalkanes and haloarenes have adverse effects on the environment and are labelled as pollutants. One such example is chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs), which lead to the depletion of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the harmful radiation coming from the sun. To learn more about these compounds, register with BYJU’S and download the mobile application on your smartphone.
Thus, the different ways in which haloalkanes and haloarenes are classified are discussed with the help of a tabular column. Click here to learn about the nomenclature of haloalkanes as per IUPAC guidelines.
Classification based on the number of halogen atoms.
Monohaloalkanes and Monohaloarenes
Dihaloalkanes and Dihaloarene
Trihaloalkanes and Trihaloarenes
Uses of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
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